This article is based on research carried out with youths in a system of semi-liberty who benefit from socio-educative care at Belo-Horizonte in Brazil.
These adolescents live in a bellicose world where the warrior ethos dominates, associated with the idea that manhood has no affect, an imaginary and real construction of the modern world which alienates manhood into violence. The bandit has no friends, friendship being supposed to belong to the territory of the sacred.
The creations of privileged spaces, of dialogue, would help to deconstruct this violent ideal of manhood and its relations of domination so that friendship would not be banished from relationships between human beings.
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Pascal le Maléfan : georges-arthur goldschmidt, an adolescent oriented by the “ friendship of books ”
The object of this article is to illustrate one hypothesis about the role of reading as a vector of subjectivation in adolescence. While the written word seems neglected, it is essential to maintain that an encounter with a text and its author has psychical effects, as long as the conditions for instituting an Author are present, that is an external position of exception which makes for precession. This operation would be similar in some ways to the imaginary and symbolic dimensions of the mirror stage. The autobiography of the writer-translator Georges-Arthur Goldschmidt, in which he explains his relationship with reading during adolescence seems to us an illustration of these dimensions.
Eric Bidaud, Olivier Ouvry : adolescence, clothing and visage-ification
Because the Ego can only be projected image of the subject through its multiple representation, its various “ garments ” it can only be imaginarily sustained by the Other, the Other’s gaze. Clothing and its problematization in adolescence are a way of grasping oneself back from the Other’s gaze, in a renewed quest (like an after effect of the mirror stage) for approval and confirmation of one’s image from the Other. In this way the adolescent’s relationship with clothing may be perceived as a necessary phase when gazes are recombined in order to construct what we call a visage, within the difficult meeting of these gazes. Thus we propose that clothing be thought of as the place of a process of visage-ification affecting subject and object, a process through which the meeting of gazes is played out again and put into dialectical form.
Philippe Gutton : friend culture
Developing the theme of culture among friends accentuates the shared ideals that are constructed at this time. In a first chapter, this “ adolescens or intersubjectal culture ” is differentiated from the intergenerational “ psychology of fathers and mothers ”. It helps to construct adolescent communities whose references are a-familial.
Groups of couples should be distinguished from communities of friends. The first have a class dialectic with institutions. The second have intercommunity relations which are inter and intra-generational. These theoretical points of view will conclude with the analysis of the adolescent friendship of Paul Cézanne and Émile Zola and its outcome.
David le Breton : between jackass and happy slapping, an erasure of shame
The paternal law founded on the prohibition is giving way to a maternal presence based rather on confidence which fosters hedonism. Contemporary adolescence is a world marked by the mother, by the absence of limits, regression. The fear of losing face, of feeling shame or responsibility for one’s behaviour is no longer at the top of the agenda. On the contrary, the adepts of Jackass and happy slapping are perfect illustrations of contemporary individualism and indifference to the other person. Their ego has no other people to whom it could be held accountable.
Maurice Corcos, Emma Sabouret, Denis Bochereau : sublimations in adolescence “ of sound and fury ”
Rap as art and a way of sublimation, like or following the example of intellectual activity? This creation of sound and scenery, a new form of expression, exchange or communion gives anyone who’s willing to listen an additional chance to encounter the contemporary adolescent psyche. Using sociological perspectives sparingly, we will instead investigate more deeply the bodily roots and emphasize the elaborative potential of rap. The fact remains that its paths, meanderings, waverings, forking paths and orbits diverge and move away, irreducibly no doubt, from those of earlier generations.
Our world is nevertheless a shared one; more and more interconnected, overlapping, interpenetrating. A formidable era, wherein the teen is more and more in the adult, more than anywhere else.
Philippe Gutton : Une métamorphose s’achève
Le début de l’adultité est marqué par la capacité de désir et de fantasme d’enfant, l’art de devenir parent.
L’adolescent capable d’engendrement refoule ou dénie les représentations incestueuses trop à vif susceptibles de s’y associer. L’auteur réfléchit dans cette optique aux conduites pathologiques qu’une telle conviction suscite à l’adolescence.
Rémy Potier, Pierre Bialès : friendship in the virtual world**
Starting from the interest for new technologies and for what they bring to the new practice of teenagers on the Internet, we will question the implication of blogs in friendly exchanges. Teenagers from 12 to 17 years old attest to their use of skyblogs and show how these take part in “ real ” friendship. The conundrum of forming lasting bonds of friendship will be investigated from the “ blogosphère ”. The body’s issues and the litmus test of ideal by virtual show the difficulties that new Internet technologies give rise to. Far from being a pathological haven, the blog can be a transitional space where the inner is shared with friends. Thus, according to the subjects, the teenager can find narcissistic solutions or make use of a new tool that will help him to grasp the modernity that forms a part of him. These tools will enable him to experiment and bring life to his friendly links
Férodja Hocini : identification, friendship and transference**
The author seeks to study the links between friendship and process of identification at the time of childhood and adolescence. As she retraces the treatment of one of her female teenager patient in psychotherapy, the author tells the story of a really singular friendship between two girls, two soul sisters that only death could tear apart. The analysis of the transfero-counter-transferential movements leads on one hand to release the therapist from the process of idealization in which her patient tends to enclose her. On the other hand and above all, it leads to the transforming of the therapeutic relation, which is at risk of getting lost in a confused unity.
Christain Bonnet, Stéphane Pechikoff : to the friend, to love
Is the friend a “ same”, a “ model ”, a “ figure of same-sexed investment ” ? These questions are reviewed using two clinical accounts and several propositions. First of all, the Friend occurs within a potential space, a “ between –two ” and is not to be confused with the subject. Then, it appears clinically (case of Sabrina) that the Friend is often the condition of the subject’s encounter with an object of love and eroticisation. Thus there is a triangulation complex implying : Subject, Friend, love object. A series of dialectical operations define their bonds according to a complex mode of resemblance/difference.
The Freudian model of Œdipal triangulation is mobilized, notably through family romance, to analyze the clinical account of Sophie. Desires that are incestuous insofar as fratricidal would have their place in the terms of romantic vaudeville between Subject, object, Friend… We conclude by suggesting that the juvenile period be considered as a amicable Œdipal romance, forged by investments in the Friend and the object. The concept of the coat of arms completes the dialectical process related to the Subject-Friend bond, thus becoming emblematic of what we call Friendship.