The rearrangement of identifications in the young girl as she moves from the end of childhood into adolescence is illustrated using elements from a study of preadolescents and their future development, a study carried out by means of interviews and projective methods. While the prepubescent and pubescent girls had the same average age, there are radical differences in the mutation of envelope femininity into orifice femininity depending on whether the girls have begun to menstruate or not ; this confirms the validity of hypotheses about the pubertaire proposed by Philippe Gutton. At the same time, psychical movements of separation from parental images take shape, providing a springboard towards subjectivation.
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Gérard Bonnet : symptom and conversion
The term conversion, proposed early on by Freud, designates the passage of a psychical expression to its somatic manifestation. The author recalls why he has proposed a wider conception of this term, which would extend the capacity for conversion to include a potential that is intrinsic to the symptom as structure. He then raises the question of the status of this notion in adolescence. At this age we see not only conversions in the strict sense of the term, but the long process one must go through often assumes some feature of conversion in its larger sense. This trajectory is commented upon using a case of transitory soliloquy, already evoked in an article about shame, which is related to a conversion of the philosophical or religious type. This serves as an opportunity for pointing out the respective roles played by ideals, affect, and fantasy, the « stranger other », and especially, to be more precise about what the capacity for conversion consists of. It is a spring that ensures the containment of precocious seductions, and of the reactions to these, giving the subject the ability to regress and rebound, to close up and reopen, indispensable to anchoring him in the universe where he is called to live.
Philippe Gutton: spectacle
An engagement with the imaginary shapes this issue, prepared in cooperation with the Ferme du Vinatier and Professor Jacques Hochmann:
– expressions, internal and external theatrics, festive activities
– a defense of the adolescent imaginary, so often attacked by our modern society.
Domininque Agostini : Melanie Klein as an analyst of adolescents : v. some conclusions
This text brings to a close the series of articles « Melanie Klein as an analyst of adolesents ». In the course of this series, the author has successively studied the cases of four adolescents. Three were Klein’s patients: « Felix», « Ilse», and « Willy» illustrated the concepts of internal objects, unconscious fantasies, and the feminine phase common to both sexes. The fourth, « Fabien Especel », was the hero of a fantastic novel whose projective identifications Klein explored.
As part of this conclusion, the author revisits the Kleinian conception of the childhood roots of « psychical puberty » and the theory behind the technique used with adolescents. In doing this, he describes certain new ideas which, sown by the thinking of Klein, came to fruition after her death. In particular, new ways of thinking about the transference/counter-transference pair, through explorations of the epistemophilic drive and projective identification.
Philippe Bessoles : le crime adolescent, criminal origins and the process of the adolescens
Using medico-psychological assessments of adolescent criminals, we propose a contribution to the study criminal origins. The adolescent crime translates the « dead end » of the adolescens process into an actualisation of infantile origins. The importance of criminal violence shows the misadventure of the « separation/individuation » process. The crime is an appeal to representation with agonistic and anaclitic anxiety. It shows an « alienated figurability » (M. and E. Laufer) acting in the crime. The criminal comportment is an answer to a break-down situation of the criminal.
With reference to P. Aulagnier’s research, particularly « auto-engenderment principle », we link the criminal origins to distortions between mother and the child, to defects in the « protective shield », to primary psychic envelopes and to the inadequacy of maternal responses given to signals emitted by the child.
Catherine Wieder : writing in prison
Through the text of an adolescent girl, put in jail for having killed her own child, the author questions the construction of meaning in the very place where meaning is devoid of sense and comments the passage from non-representability of the unconscious fantasy towards the non-representability of writing through preconscious representations.
Caroline Gimenez, Catherine Blatier, Martine Paulicand, Ondine Pez : girls’ delinquency
In criminology, delinquency and criminality are described as primarily male activities ; this is the conclusion of many studies. Moreover, most of the researches that have studied delinquent phenomenon are based on samples of boys or men. Consequently, few data are available on girls’ delinquency. Our study draws up an inventory of delinquent activity in a sample of 241 minors, 168 boys and 73 girls, living in Gap and Grenoble and their suburbs.
Rémy Siret : being a woman in jail… ?
Imprisonment creates a break in relationships and defers the future. This emptiness leads to a question about the identity which dates back to adolescence. For the incarcerated woman, the question will be « What is it to be a woman… in jail ? » with the particular difficulties inherent to the situation and their expression in custody.
Jean-Michel Permingeat : detention in the ruling of February 2, 1945 : philosophy and practice.
Until the early nineteen-nineties, legislative developments and judicial practices tried to reduce the imprisonment of minors. Without calling into question the guiding principles of the ruling of February 2, 1945, this tendency has changed. The question is whether it is possible to take into account, in terms of education, the period of detention in the career of a youngster.
Jean-Marc Dupuy : the intervention of the youth worker from Judicial Youth Protection with the incarcerated minor in an open institution.
New legislation dealing with the treatment of delinquent minors and the resulting arrangements constitute a break and a regression in relation to the history of this treatment since 1945, with the theoretical contribution of the human sciences on this subject, and with the professional experience accumulated by those who intervene in this field.
The mode of intervention by Judicial Youth Protection which has now been established for dealing with incarcerated minors provides a good illustration of this regression. In an open institution, the youth worker and, through him, Judicial Youth Protection, must occupy a complex position as a third party outside the penal institution. The continuity of the educative action and the exteriority of the institutional position are inseparable and determine the validity of this intervention. The return of the notion of rehabilitation, as opposed to the concern for the consideration of the subject in his psychical reality, and its corollary, the return of the Judicial Youth Protection as co-guarantor of the penal world for minors, will invalidate this position and its potential.